How do you cite Broadcastwell research and data?
Broadcastwell measures and fixes whether AI search engines name B2B software companies.
Run the free checkTo cite Broadcastwell research and data, cite the version DOI of the exact release you used, with its version and date. For the Absence Index September 2026 release that is DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22907695; for the State of GEO Volume III it is DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21789120. Ready-made APA, Chicago, BibTeX and RIS entries for both, and for every other DOI and SSRN id we publish, are below.
Updated 9 November 2026.
Download every entry at once: BibTeX file and RIS file. Both hold the same 21 records.
The Absence Index, release 2026-09
The September 2026 release covers 14 B2B software categories and 286 checked vendors, answered by ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews and Google AI Mode on 22 and 23 September 2026. Cite this version DOI for any figure from it. The concept DOI, 10.5281/zenodo.22150321, names the whole series of Index releases and is the right choice only when you mean the series.
APA (7th edition)
Broadcastwell. (2026). The Absence Index: September 2026 Release (Version 2026-09) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
Chicago (author-date)
Broadcastwell. 2026. "The Absence Index: September 2026 Release." Version 2026-09. Zenodo, September 23, 2026. https://doi.org/
BibTeX
@dataset{broadcastwell2026absenceindex202609,
author = {{Broadcastwell}},
title = {{The Absence Index: September 2026 Release}},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {2026-09},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.22907695},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22907695}
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - Broadcastwell
TI - The Absence Index: September 2026 Release
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/23
PB - Zenodo
ET - 2026-09
DO - 10.5281/zenodo.22907695
UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22907695
ER -
The 2026 State of GEO, Volume III
Volume III measured cross-engine divergence on 280 buyer questions put to engines on 4 August 2026. Its paper is also posted on SSRN as abstract 7234418, dated 10 August 2026; cite the SSRN posting only when you quote the paper as posted there.
APA (7th edition)
Broadcastwell. (2026). The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence (Version 3.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
Broadcastwell. (2026). The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence [Working paper]. SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/
Chicago (author-date)
Broadcastwell. 2026. "The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence." Version 3.0. Zenodo, August 4, 2026. https://doi.org/
Broadcastwell. 2026. "The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence." SSRN, August 10, 2026. https://papers.ssrn.com/
BibTeX
@dataset{broadcastwell2026stateofgeo3,
author = {{Broadcastwell}},
title = {{The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence}},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {3.0},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21789120},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21789120}
}
@unpublished{broadcastwell2026stateofgeo3ssrn,
author = {{Broadcastwell}},
title = {{The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence}},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
publisher = {SSRN},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=7234418},
note = {SSRN abstract 7234418}
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - Broadcastwell
TI - The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/04
PB - Zenodo
ET - 3.0
DO - 10.5281/zenodo.21789120
UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21789120
ER -
TY - UNPB
AU - Broadcastwell
TI - The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/10
PB - SSRN
UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=7234418
N1 - SSRN abstract 7234418
ER -
Every identifier we publish
| Work | Date | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| The Absence Index: September 2026 Release | 23 September 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22907695 |
| The Absence Index: August 2026 Release | 12 September 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22721962 |
| The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume I | 24 July 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21537014 |
| The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume II: The Absence Ladder | 26 July 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21586091 |
| The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence | 4 August 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21789120 |
| The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume III: Cross-engine divergence | 10 August 2026 | SSRN abstract 7234418 |
| The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization | 31 July 2026 | DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.33134942 |
| The Shortlist Gap: which of 286 software vendors AI engines name when buyers ask, across 14 categories and five engines | 26 September 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22982426 |
| What AI search visibility costs in 2026: prices, guarantees and checkout paths of 123 sellers | 26 September 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22982430 |
| Run-to-run noise in AI search answers: three runs of 140 buyer questions on five engines | 26 September 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22982432 |
| The Agent Gap: can an AI buying agent find, price and reach B2B software? 70 vendors, 3 tasks, one agent, October 2026 | 6 October 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23197560 |
| Head to Head: who the engines pick when a buyer asks A or B. October 2026 | 7 October 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23202939 |
| Wrong About You: what five AI engines state about 70 software vendors, classed against the vendors' own pages. October 2026 | 9 October 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23270124 |
| The AI Written RFP: what five engines tell buyers to require in fourteen software categories | 10 October 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23271935 |
| What AI engines tell site owners about PHP2Shell | 23 October 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23586713 |
| AI search visibility: source evidence and two registered analyses | 2 November 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23804758 |
| AI Source Standard v1 | 8 October 2026 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23225776 |
| Do AI engines cite optimized pages? | 30 October 2026 | DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/DVYFU |
| Does absence persist from one release to the next? | 30 October 2026 | DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/MKJ9V |
| Who do AI engines cite for B2B software questions? | 30 October 2026 | DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/VCZKT |
| Evidence, editorial refresh and citation of answer pages | 3 November 2026 | DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/DMFPJ |
APA and Chicago for every other record
The BibTeX and RIS for each of these are in the two download files.
Absence Index
- APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). The Absence Index: August 2026 Release (Version 2026-08.1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22721962 - Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "The Absence Index: August 2026 Release." Version 2026-08.1. Zenodo, September 12, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22721962
State of GEO
- APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume I (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.21537014 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume I." Version 1.0. Zenodo, July 24, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.21537014 -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume II: The Absence Ladder (Version 2.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.21586091 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization, Volume II: The Absence Ladder." Version 2.0. Zenodo, July 26, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.21586091 -
APA: Sivakumar, S. (2026). The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization [Data set]. figshare. https://doi.org/
10.6084/m9.figshare.33134942 - Chicago: Sivakumar, Sairam. 2026. "The 2026 State of Generative Engine Optimization." figshare, July 31, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.6084/m9.figshare.33134942
Studies and reports
- APA: Broadcastwell Research. (2026). The Shortlist Gap: which of 286 software vendors AI engines name when buyers ask, across 14 categories and five engines (Version 1.0) [Report]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22982426 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell Research. 2026. "The Shortlist Gap: which of 286 software vendors AI engines name when buyers ask, across 14 categories and five engines." Version 1.0. Zenodo, September 26, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22982426 -
APA: Broadcastwell Research. (2026). What AI search visibility costs in 2026: prices, guarantees and checkout paths of 123 sellers (Version 1.0) [Report]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22982430 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell Research. 2026. "What AI search visibility costs in 2026: prices, guarantees and checkout paths of 123 sellers." Version 1.0. Zenodo, September 26, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22982430 -
APA: Broadcastwell Research. (2026). Run-to-run noise in AI search answers: three runs of 140 buyer questions on five engines (Version 1.0) [Report]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22982432 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell Research. 2026. "Run-to-run noise in AI search answers: three runs of 140 buyer questions on five engines." Version 1.0. Zenodo, September 26, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.22982432 -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). The Agent Gap: can an AI buying agent find, price and reach B2B software? 70 vendors, 3 tasks, one agent, October 2026 (Version 1.0.1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23197560 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "The Agent Gap: can an AI buying agent find, price and reach B2B software? 70 vendors, 3 tasks, one agent, October 2026." Version 1.0.1. Zenodo, October 6, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23197560 -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). Head to Head: who the engines pick when a buyer asks A or B. October 2026 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23202939 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "Head to Head: who the engines pick when a buyer asks A or B. October 2026." Version 1.0. Zenodo, October 7, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23202939 -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). Wrong About You: what five AI engines state about 70 software vendors, classed against the vendors' own pages. October 2026 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23270124 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "Wrong About You: what five AI engines state about 70 software vendors, classed against the vendors' own pages. October 2026." Version 1.0. Zenodo, October 9, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23270124 -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). The AI Written RFP: what five engines tell buyers to require in fourteen software categories (Version 1.0) [Computer software]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23271935 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "The AI Written RFP: what five engines tell buyers to require in fourteen software categories." Version 1.0. Zenodo, October 10, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23271935 -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). What AI engines tell site owners about PHP2Shell (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23586713 -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "What AI engines tell site owners about PHP2Shell." Version 1.0. Zenodo, October 23, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23586713 -
APA: Sivakumar, S., Rao, A., Patel, V., & Nair, P. (2026). AI search visibility: source evidence and two registered analyses (Version 1.0.0) [Report]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23804758 - Chicago: Sivakumar, Sairam, Ananya Rao, Vikram Patel, and Priya Nair. 2026. "AI search visibility: source evidence and two registered analyses." Version 1.0.0. Zenodo, November 2, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23804758
Standards
- APA: Broadcastwell LLC. (2026). AI Source Standard v1 (Version 1.0) [Computer software]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23225776 - Chicago: Broadcastwell LLC. 2026. "AI Source Standard v1." Version 1.0. Zenodo, October 8, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.5281/zenodo.23225776
Registrations
- APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). Do AI engines cite optimized pages? [Preregistration]. OSF. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/DVYFU -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "Do AI engines cite optimized pages?" OSF, October 30, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/DVYFU -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). Does absence persist from one release to the next? [Preregistration]. OSF. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/MKJ9V -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "Does absence persist from one release to the next?" OSF, October 30, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/MKJ9V -
APA: Broadcastwell. (2026). Who do AI engines cite for B2B software questions? [Preregistration]. OSF. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/VCZKT -
Chicago: Broadcastwell. 2026. "Who do AI engines cite for B2B software questions?" OSF, October 30, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/VCZKT -
APA: Broadcastwell research team. (2026). Evidence, editorial refresh and citation of answer pages [Preregistration]. OSF. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/DMFPJ - Chicago: Broadcastwell research team. 2026. "Evidence, editorial refresh and citation of answer pages." OSF, November 3, 2026. https://doi.org/
10.17605/OSF.IO/DMFPJ
Which details to follow
Titles, versions, dates and authors follow each DOI record as we read it on 9 November 2026. For the three State of GEO volumes we add the volume name that our data page uses, because the records share one title. A few of our pages show a shorter title for the same work; where they differ, cite the title in the DOI record. The registration titles follow our research pages, and a registration is a plan, not a result.
A release is never edited in place. A correction gets a new version and a new DOI, so a citation to a version DOI always points to the files you read. Our article archive lists every study by date, and our model release tracker records provider changes between captures.
Sources
- DOI records for each identifier above, read 9 November 2026.
- Broadcastwell, Data, methods and citations, read 9 November 2026.
- Broadcastwell, research pages on these docs, for the four OSF registrations.
Related: our media kit and our release notes. Every report on this page that has a PDF is listed with its checksum on our research report page, Study 1 has a print edition, the tables are in our open data catalog and the charts in our chart library. Our analysis of search patents cites each patent record by number.